The notion of physical disability, and disability in general, has meaning only in relation to what are generally labeled abilities. This module begins with an exploration of the value-laden nature of the distinction between the two. Ethical issues considered include those arising from the definition of disability; social, medical and hybrid constructs of disability; quality of life judgments; questions of fairness and justice in the allocation of health resources; determining benefit and harm in the face of advances in gene and reproductive technology; and accessibility in both health and social settings.